
<table style="text-align:center"><caption><strong>Table X32. Additional results: alternative measurement of territorial autonomy - fiscal revenue.</strong></caption>
<tr><td colspan="5" style="border-bottom: 1px solid black"></td></tr><tr><td style="text-align:left"></td><td colspan="2">Civil violence (group)</td><td>Communal violence</td><td>Communal violence</td></tr>
<tr><td style="text-align:left"></td><td>Maj. (model A111)</td><td>Min. (model A112)</td><td>Maj./min. dyad (model A113)</td><td>Maj./min. dyad (model A114)</td></tr>
<tr><td colspan="5" style="border-bottom: 1px solid black"></td></tr><tr><td style="text-align:left">Included</td><td>-1.290<sup>***</sup></td><td>-0.522</td><td></td><td></td></tr>
<tr><td style="text-align:left"></td><td>(0.325)</td><td>(0.466)</td><td></td><td></td></tr>
<tr><td style="text-align:left">Included/excluded</td><td></td><td></td><td>0.195</td><td>-0.222</td></tr>
<tr><td style="text-align:left"></td><td></td><td></td><td>(0.471)</td><td>(0.520)</td></tr>
<tr><td style="text-align:left">Revenue x included/excluded</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td>2.359<sup>**</sup></td></tr>
<tr><td style="text-align:left"></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td>(0.913)</td></tr>
<tr><td style="text-align:left">Excluded/excluded</td><td></td><td></td><td>0.935</td><td>0.844</td></tr>
<tr><td style="text-align:left"></td><td></td><td></td><td>(0.646)</td><td>(0.624)</td></tr>
<tr><td style="text-align:left">Relative size (state)</td><td>0.993</td><td>2.369<sup>†</sup></td><td></td><td></td></tr>
<tr><td style="text-align:left"></td><td>(1.113)</td><td>(1.217)</td><td></td><td></td></tr>
<tr><td style="text-align:left">Relative size (state, mean)</td><td></td><td></td><td>3.022</td><td>3.081</td></tr>
<tr><td style="text-align:left"></td><td></td><td></td><td>(2.059)</td><td>(2.104)</td></tr>
<tr><td style="text-align:left">Relative size (state, diff.)</td><td></td><td></td><td>-0.313</td><td>-0.641</td></tr>
<tr><td style="text-align:left"></td><td></td><td></td><td>(0.922)</td><td>(0.964)</td></tr>
<tr><td style="text-align:left">Relative size (unit)</td><td>0.277</td><td>3.209<sup>**</sup></td><td></td><td></td></tr>
<tr><td style="text-align:left"></td><td>(0.695)</td><td>(1.040)</td><td></td><td></td></tr>
<tr><td style="text-align:left">Relative size (unit, mean)</td><td></td><td></td><td>1.536</td><td>1.343</td></tr>
<tr><td style="text-align:left"></td><td></td><td></td><td>(1.256)</td><td>(1.275)</td></tr>
<tr><td style="text-align:left">Relative size (unit, diff.)</td><td></td><td></td><td>-0.878<sup>*</sup></td><td>-0.720<sup>†</sup></td></tr>
<tr><td style="text-align:left"></td><td></td><td></td><td>(0.413)</td><td>(0.413)</td></tr>
<tr><td style="text-align:left">Asymmetry</td><td></td><td></td><td>0.486</td><td>0.483</td></tr>
<tr><td style="text-align:left"></td><td></td><td></td><td>(0.347)</td><td>(0.350)</td></tr>
<tr><td style="text-align:left">Population (unit, logged)</td><td>0.360<sup>***</sup></td><td>0.209<sup>*</sup></td><td>0.182</td><td>0.199</td></tr>
<tr><td style="text-align:left"></td><td>(0.095)</td><td>(0.105)</td><td>(0.144)</td><td>(0.145)</td></tr>
<tr><td style="text-align:left">Area (unit, logged)</td><td>0.065</td><td>0.133</td><td>0.591<sup>***</sup></td><td>0.578<sup>***</sup></td></tr>
<tr><td style="text-align:left"></td><td>(0.105)</td><td>(0.145)</td><td>(0.146)</td><td>(0.145)</td></tr>
<tr><td style="text-align:left">Avg. ruggedness (unit)</td><td>0.001</td><td>0.001</td><td>0.0003</td><td>0.0002</td></tr>
<tr><td style="text-align:left"></td><td>(0.001)</td><td>(0.001)</td><td>(0.001)</td><td>(0.001)</td></tr>
<tr><td style="text-align:left">Oil in unit</td><td>0.514</td><td>0.508<sup>*</sup></td><td>0.881</td><td>0.886</td></tr>
<tr><td style="text-align:left"></td><td>(0.500)</td><td>(0.252)</td><td>(0.567)</td><td>(0.568)</td></tr>
<tr><td style="text-align:left">Distance capital (unit, logged)</td><td>-0.128</td><td>0.152</td><td>-0.176</td><td>-0.170</td></tr>
<tr><td style="text-align:left"></td><td>(0.155)</td><td>(0.187)</td><td>(0.188)</td><td>(0.189)</td></tr>
<tr><td style="text-align:left">Distance border (unit, logged)</td><td>-0.230<sup>**</sup></td><td>-0.025</td><td>-0.292<sup>**</sup></td><td>-0.278<sup>**</sup></td></tr>
<tr><td style="text-align:left"></td><td>(0.086)</td><td>(0.125)</td><td>(0.107)</td><td>(0.106)</td></tr>
<tr><td style="text-align:left">GDP pc. (logged)</td><td>-0.435<sup>*</sup></td><td>-0.838<sup>***</sup></td><td>-0.533<sup>†</sup></td><td>-0.511<sup>†</sup></td></tr>
<tr><td style="text-align:left"></td><td>(0.201)</td><td>(0.246)</td><td>(0.301)</td><td>(0.286)</td></tr>
<tr><td style="text-align:left">Population (state, logged)</td><td>0.171</td><td>-0.196</td><td>-0.179</td><td>-0.181</td></tr>
<tr><td style="text-align:left"></td><td>(0.157)</td><td>(0.133)</td><td>(0.232)</td><td>(0.234)</td></tr>
<tr><td style="text-align:left">Democracy</td><td>0.369</td><td>-1.712<sup>*</sup></td><td>0.736</td><td>0.798</td></tr>
<tr><td style="text-align:left"></td><td>(0.756)</td><td>(0.771)</td><td>(0.656)</td><td>(0.673)</td></tr>
<tr><td style="text-align:left">Ethnic fractionalization</td><td>0.074</td><td>-0.035</td><td>1.765</td><td>1.530</td></tr>
<tr><td style="text-align:left"></td><td>(1.046)</td><td>(1.483)</td><td>(1.291)</td><td>(1.255)</td></tr>
<tr><td style="text-align:left">Election year</td><td>-0.570</td><td>0.512</td><td>0.277</td><td>0.292</td></tr>
<tr><td style="text-align:left"></td><td>(0.353)</td><td>(0.325)</td><td>(0.278)</td><td>(0.272)</td></tr>
<tr><td style="text-align:left">Revenue</td><td>-1.755</td><td>-1.148</td><td>2.727<sup>**</sup></td><td>1.427</td></tr>
<tr><td style="text-align:left"></td><td>(1.898)</td><td>(1.326)</td><td>(0.952)</td><td>(1.064)</td></tr>
<tr><td style="text-align:left">Civil violence peace years</td><td>-0.582<sup>***</sup></td><td>-0.559<sup>***</sup></td><td></td><td></td></tr>
<tr><td style="text-align:left"></td><td>(0.102)</td><td>(0.120)</td><td></td><td></td></tr>
<tr><td style="text-align:left">Civil violence peace years 2</td><td>0.038<sup>***</sup></td><td>0.036<sup>**</sup></td><td></td><td></td></tr>
<tr><td style="text-align:left"></td><td>(0.010)</td><td>(0.012)</td><td></td><td></td></tr>
<tr><td style="text-align:left">Civil violence peace years 3</td><td>-0.001<sup>**</sup></td><td>-0.001<sup>*</sup></td><td></td><td></td></tr>
<tr><td style="text-align:left"></td><td>(0.0003)</td><td>(0.0003)</td><td></td><td></td></tr>
<tr><td style="text-align:left">Civil violence spatial lag</td><td>1.032<sup>***</sup></td><td>1.396<sup>**</sup></td><td></td><td></td></tr>
<tr><td style="text-align:left"></td><td>(0.274)</td><td>(0.473)</td><td></td><td></td></tr>
<tr><td style="text-align:left">Communal violence peace years</td><td></td><td></td><td>-0.311<sup>***</sup></td><td>-0.303<sup>***</sup></td></tr>
<tr><td style="text-align:left"></td><td></td><td></td><td>(0.079)</td><td>(0.077)</td></tr>
<tr><td style="text-align:left">Communal violence peace years 2</td><td></td><td></td><td>0.023<sup>*</sup></td><td>0.022<sup>*</sup></td></tr>
<tr><td style="text-align:left"></td><td></td><td></td><td>(0.011)</td><td>(0.011)</td></tr>
<tr><td style="text-align:left">Communal violence peace years 3</td><td></td><td></td><td>-0.001<sup>†</sup></td><td>-0.001<sup>†</sup></td></tr>
<tr><td style="text-align:left"></td><td></td><td></td><td>(0.0003)</td><td>(0.0003)</td></tr>
<tr><td style="text-align:left">Communal violence spatial lag</td><td></td><td></td><td>1.135<sup>***</sup></td><td>1.135<sup>***</sup></td></tr>
<tr><td style="text-align:left"></td><td></td><td></td><td>(0.325)</td><td>(0.318)</td></tr>
<tr><td style="text-align:left">Constant</td><td>0.910</td><td>1.232</td><td>-23.051<sup>***</sup></td><td>-22.859<sup>***</sup></td></tr>
<tr><td style="text-align:left"></td><td>(2.584)</td><td>(2.361)</td><td>(3.495)</td><td>(3.385)</td></tr>
<tr><td style="text-align:left">N</td><td>22,851</td><td>139,930</td><td>186,323</td><td>186,323</td></tr>
<tr><td style="text-align:left">Log Likelihood</td><td>-934.588</td><td>-1,305.672</td><td>-1,222.851</td><td>-1,215.925</td></tr>
<tr><td style="text-align:left">AIC</td><td>1,979.175</td><td>2,721.344</td><td>2,563.702</td><td>2,551.850</td></tr>
<tr><td colspan="5" style="border-bottom: 1px solid black"></td></tr><tr><td colspan="5" style="text-align:left">† p<0.1; * p<0.05; ** p<0.01; *** p<0.001; country-clustered SE’s in parentheses; maj. = second-order majority; min. = second-order minority.</td></tr>
<tr><td colspan="5" style="text-align:left">The dependent variable is a binary variable equal to one if there is at least one instance of civil/communal violence involving a group/dyad in a given unit.</td></tr>
<tr><td colspan="5" style="text-align:left">Region- and year-fixed effects included but not reported.</td></tr>
</table>
